Showing posts with label culture. Show all posts
Showing posts with label culture. Show all posts

Culture and Identity: Life Stories for Counselors and Therapists Review

Culture and Identity: Life Stories for Counselors and Therapists
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Culture and Identity: Life Stories for Counselors and Therapists ReviewThe authors have amassed a series of case studies of very diverse clients. So that counselors and therapists can gain some wisdom in dealing with their own clients. The rich diversity of the studies is impressive. One client is Afro-Caribbean, who spent his youth in the Caribbean and then migrated to the United States. So while he is considered a black person in the latter country, his views and experiences are interestingly different from a native-born black person.
Another client is a Vietnamese immigrant. More accurately, he was a refugee, leaving Vietnam at the age of 7, at great peril. And then living in a Philippino refugee camp for 2 years, before being admitted to the US. His experiences, including a survivor guilt and the trauma of his separation from his family and his voyage, left a lot of stress.
Yet another example is also very common in the US. A Mexican citizen who entered the US via undocumented means, and who has a tenuous existence outside the mainstream, due to this status.
Good examples to study.Culture and Identity: Life Stories for Counselors and Therapists Overview

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CultureShock Australia Review

CultureShock Australia
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CultureShock Australia ReviewAustralia is not England.
It's also not the US or New Zealand.
It's also not Sydney, or Perth, or Tasmania.
Australia is a big, complex country. Author Ilsa Sharp, herself an immigrant to Western Australia, uses this book to introduce the interested reader to the way "Australia" works. She is somewhat successful, because she covers a really wide range of issues, from food, to the Aussie mindset regarding formality (or a lack thereof), to the art scene, to history, and much, much more.
It is a fair attempt at "a guide to customs and etiquette," as the subtitle states.
But the 1992 edition (there are newer editions) often reads like a collection of tidbits and factoids written down on 3 x 5 cards following discovery; then the cards are sorted into themes, and there's the book. Facts are mixed with observation mixed with personal experiences mixed with speculation. Then why 4 stars? Well, Sharp does produce something that, ultimately, I found useful. And that is the bottom line!
Here are a few examples of things that made me want to pull out my hair:
"But take my tip: never get in the queue for a woman immigration or Customs officer's desk. I would like to be more sisterly, but for some reason, they are much nastier than the men" (p. 74). Excuse me?
"I got a burglar alarm and paid a monthly fee to connect it to a monitoring station which would call the police if it went off. I would recommend a dog too of you have the time to maintain one, as well as metal grille-reinforcements to as many windows and doors as possible" (p. 83). There are probably millions of Australians that would beg to disagree.
"The barbie party is the Australian's safe route to nostalgia about life in the bush, brewing tea in a billy over a campfire. The same macho psychology pushes suburban Australians to wear cattle-driver 'cowboy' hats, display huge 'roo bars' on the front of the cars )for fending off kangaroos crossing the roads) or to purchase impressive four-wheel drive ('4WD') vehicles, meant for heavy bush-driving, when in fact they hardly ever go bush" (p. 162).
And Sharp seems to be able to expand her area of expertise as needed:
"Termites, or white ants as they are more commonly called in Australia, are a problem, but so are the chemicals used to spray against them. Spraying once may be necessary, particularly if your home is weatherboard and has wooden floors, as many of the older homes do. But do not listen to the pest-control companies who want to persuade you to treat your home every year - chemicals usually have an effective life of at least three or four years, and could be toxic if they leech into your garden soils, where you might have a vegetable patch (a 'vegie' patch as the Aussies call it), for example" (p. 164).
"There is enormous romance, of course, in a flickering log fire of a cold winter night. But you should consider what you are burning: Australia's native forests... are precious environmental resources, which should not really be allowed to go up in smoke" (p. 170).
As I said, facts are mixed with observation mixed with personal experiences mixed with speculation. This degrades from the "reference quality" of the book. However, there was a lot that I liked, and I was pleased to see that there is an updated version.
In this volume, the chapters are:
1. The Typical Australian
2. Speaking Strine
3. A Sense of Nation
4. Being A Migrant
5. Dreamtime Australia: The Aboriginals
6. The Leisure Ethic
7. Mateship and Machismo
8. You're On Your Own, Mate
9. The Great Australian Dream
10. Tucker
11. Earning A Crust
12. The Earth Mother
13. The Philistine Slander
14. D. I. Y. Australia
There's also a "cultural quiz" and a useful list of references for further reading. Newer editions, obviously, will have the newer references, such as Bill Bryson's In A Sunburned Country.
So... take many of the commentaries with a grain of salt from the tucker box, but this book does give a person a broader and deeper perspective on the culture of Australia than any travel guide.
Note: this review is based on the 1992 edition. There certainly are revisions and updates provided by author Ilsa Sharp, and the reader is encouraged to browse this newest edition. Sharp could only have improved the book's utility by making it more current, and (hopefully) by judicious editing of opinions.CultureShock Australia Overview

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The Study of Culture (Chandler and Sharp Publications in Anthropology and Related Fields) Review

The Study of Culture (Chandler and Sharp Publications in Anthropology and Related Fields)
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The Study of Culture (Chandler and Sharp Publications in Anthropology and Related Fields) ReviewLangness condenses in one small volume (181 pgs.) the major theories and writers of cultural anthropology. The book features extensive quotes from famous writings and profiles of important theorists like Lewis Henry Morgan, Edward Tylor, Bronislaw Malinowski and Marvin Harris. Graphs illustrate theoretical structures and a useful glossary is provided. A good choice for university and college level courses.The Study of Culture (Chandler and Sharp Publications in Anthropology and Related Fields) Overview

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The Possessed and the Dispossessed : Spirits, Identity, and Power in a Madagascar Migrant Town (Comparative Studies of Health Systems and Medical Care Review

The Possessed and the Dispossessed : Spirits, Identity, and Power in a Madagascar Migrant Town (Comparative Studies of Health Systems and Medical Care
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The Possessed and the Dispossessed : Spirits, Identity, and Power in a Madagascar Migrant Town (Comparative Studies of Health Systems and Medical Care ReviewThis deeply contextualized ethnography of possession deals with women, migration, and power as frames for both spirit possession and the construction of identity in the booming migrant town of Ambanja, in the Sambirano valley of northern Madagascar. The Malagasy word for the possession experience is tromba, which refers as well to the royal ancestral spirits of the Sakalava (the ethnic group under study), the institution of possession, and the spirit mediums themselves. Sharp is particularly sensitive to issues of power and political agency, and examines possession as a mode of political consciousness that is embedded in religious experience. Possession among the Sakalava is highly formalized, and spirits who are the agents of oracular possession are often part of family inheritance. Thus, it is important to identify and name spirits, a phenomenon which is important elsewhere in Africa as well. This naming provides a link with the local culture, including political and religious traditions, as well as with the land itself. With the rise of "Malagasization" in the postcolonial period (following a revolt against the French in 1947), tromba possession has increased and the number and variety of tromba spirits has expanded. It is no accident, then, that the prestige and power of tromba spirits, suppressed by the French, has been enhanced. Perhaps because tromba rituals have been a primary instrument for preserving and interpreting the history of the island, Malagasization has brought the tromba spirits and institution closer to the centers of Malagasy political authority and economic production. Indeed, the surprising power and prestige of the female tromba spirit mediums has enabled them to dictate the direction of national economic development projects. One of Sharp's observations is that contrary to the dominant assumptions in anthropology, Sakalava possession is not necessarily a province of the marginalized and weak. Though Malagasy women are chiched as weak or soft, while men are regarded as strong or hard, it is the women who, through their spirit voices, determine the pace and organization of the culture. Tromba mediums are also widely consulted healers who appear to have an amicable and respectful relationship with other medical practitioners on the island. Tromba are not the only spirits on Madagascar. There is another category of volatile and unpredictable spirits (njarinintsy) responsible for negative, unwanted possession, as well as for mass possession, largely of adolescent migrant girls, in the public schools. In one instance documented by Sharp, a powerful healer (moasy) was consulted. He reported that the local ancestors were angry because the French paid no regard to the sacredness of the ancestral ground on which the school was built, moving and destroying tombs. The healer recommended the performance on the school grounds of a ceremony honoring the deceased ancestors, including the sacrifice of an ox. Following this performance, the possession diminished considerably. Another interesting feature of this book is that it addresses the topic of the interface of local possession with Christianity. The Protestant Church is dominant in much of Madagascar, and has highly developed forms of healing rituals and exorcisms, even sponsoring exorcism retreats. Sharp has demonstrated that the clientele, whom she calls the dispossessed, consists to a great extent of those who cannot cope with either the status or the multilayered identity of the Sakalava defined through the dominant institution of tromba mediumship. In short, anyone with an interest in the phenomenon of spirit possession will learn quite a lot from this book.The Possessed and the Dispossessed : Spirits, Identity, and Power in a Madagascar Migrant Town (Comparative Studies of Health Systems and Medical Care Overview

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